The highest strength alloy we use is heat treated aluminum and uses the precipitation method
For aluminum, common "precipitation hardening" alloys contain some copper, forming various things, but mainly Al2Cu3 particles, which "pop" out of the dissolved lattice, like little nails or staples in the lattice structure .
Another way to increase yield is substitution, where other atoms fit into the lattice and make it more difficult to move the sliding lattice through defects, requiring more force to "jump" speed bumps (which are larger or smaller atoms).
Example: Salt water cools. As it cools, the salts spontaneously dissolve in a dispersed manner. As the atoms come out of the solution, all the salts combine simultaneously through the water into tiny clouds. Except , in slow motion, in solid. This is precipitation hardening!
